Moteri ya DC ni imashini ziboneka hose ziboneka mubikoresho bitandukanye bya elegitoronike bikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Mubisanzwe, moteri ikoreshwa mubikoresho bisaba uburyo bumwe bwo kuzenguruka cyangwa kubyara umusaruro.Moteri igezweho ni ngombwa mubice byinshi byamashanyarazi.Kugira gusobanukirwa neza imikorere ya moteri ya DC no kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri bifasha injeniyeri gushushanya porogaramu zigera ku kugenzura neza imikorere.

Iyi ngingo izareba neza ubwoko bwa moteri ya DC iboneka, uburyo bwabo bwo gukora, nuburyo bwo kugera kugenzura umuvuduko.

Moteri ya DC ni iki?

KandaMoteri ya ACMoteri ya DC nayo ihindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi ingufu za mashini.Imikorere yabo ninyuma ya generator ya DC itanga amashanyarazi.Bitandukanye na moteri ya AC, moteri ya DC ikora kuri DC power - itari sinusoidal, imbaraga zidafite icyerekezo.

Ubwubatsi bwibanze

Nubwo moteri ya DC yakozwe muburyo butandukanye, byose birimo ibice byibanze bikurikira:

• Rotor (igice cyimashini izunguruka; izwi kandi nka "armature")
• Stator (umurima uhindagurika, cyangwa "guhagarara" igice cya moteri)
• Commutator (irashobora gukaraba cyangwa kutagira brush, bitewe n'ubwoko bwa moteri)
• Imashini yumurima (tanga umurongo wa magneti uhinduranya umurongo uhujwe na rotor)

Mubimenyerezo, moteri ya DC ikora ishingiye kumikoranire hagati yumurima wa magneti ikorwa na armature izunguruka niyindi ya stator cyangwa ibice byagenwe.

Imashini idafite moteri ya DC idafite moteri.Ishusho yakoreshejwe ubupfuraKenzi Mudge.

Ihame ry'imikorere

Moteri ya DC ikora ku ihame rya Faraday ya electromagnetism ivuga ko umuyoboro utwara ibintu uhura ningufu iyo ushyizwe mumashanyarazi.Dukurikije amategeko ya Fleming "Amaboko y’ibumoso ya moteri y’amashanyarazi," icyerekezo cyuyobora kiyobora buri gihe mu cyerekezo gitandukanijwe nu muyoboro wa rukuruzi.

Mubiharuro, turashobora kwerekana izo mbaraga nka F = BIL (aho F ni imbaraga, B numwanya wa magneti, mpagaze kubigezweho, na L nuburebure bwuyobora).

Ubwoko bwa Moteri ya DC

Moteri ya DC iri mubyiciro bitandukanye, bitewe nubwubatsi bwabo.Ubwoko busanzwe burimo gusukwa cyangwa kutagira brush, rukuruzi ihoraho, urukurikirane, hamwe.

Moteri Brushed na Brushless Motors

Moteri ya DCikoresha ikariso ya grafite cyangwa karuboni yohasi igamije kuyobora cyangwa gutanga amashanyarazi kuva armature.Ubusanzwe ubwo burusiya bubikwa hafi yimodoka.Ibindi bikorwa byingirakamaro bya brushes muri moteri ya dc harimo kwemeza imikorere idahwitse, kugenzura icyerekezo cyumuyaga mugihe cyo kuzunguruka, no kugumana isuku.

Brushless DC moterintugire karubone cyangwa grafite.Mubisanzwe birimo magnesi imwe cyangwa nyinshi zihoraho zizunguruka kuri armature ihamye.Mu mwanya wa brush, moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi ikoresha imiyoboro ya elegitoronike kugirango igenzure icyerekezo cyo kuzunguruka n'umuvuduko.

Imashini zihoraho

Moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho igizwe na rotor ikikijwe na magnesi ebyiri zihoraho.Imashini zitanga imbaraga za magnetiki zigenda iyo dc yatambutse, bigatuma rotor izunguruka mu cyerekezo cyisaha cyangwa irwanya isaha, bitewe na polarite.Inyungu nyamukuru yubwoko bwa moteri nuko ishobora gukora kumuvuduko wa syncronique hamwe na frequence ihoraho, itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura.

Urukurikirane-rukomeretsa DC Motors

Moteri yuruhererekane ifite stator (mubisanzwe ikozwe mumabuye yumuringa) ihinduranya hamwe nu murima uhinduranya (umuringa wumuringa) uhujwe murukurikirane.Kubwibyo, armature igezweho hamwe nimirima yingendo zingana.Umuyoboro mwinshi utemba uva mubitangwa mumurima uzunguruka ubyibushye kandi bike ugereranije na moteri ya shunt.Ubunini bwumurima uhinduranya bwongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo kandi bukanatanga ingufu za magneti zikomeye zitanga moteri ya DC ya moteri nini cyane.

Shunt DC Motors

Moteri ya shunt DC ifite armature hamwe nu murima uhinduranya ugereranije.Bitewe no guhuza, guhuza byombi byakira voltage imwe, nubwo bishimye ukundi.Moteri ya Shunt mubisanzwe ifite impinduka nyinshi kumurongo kuruta moteri ikora moteri ikora imbaraga za magneti mugihe gikora.Shunt moteri irashobora kugira umuvuduko mwiza wo kugenzura, niyo ifite imitwaro itandukanye.Ariko, mubisanzwe babura urumuri rwo hejuru rwo gutangiza moteri.

Moteri n'umuvuduko wo kugenzura byashyizwe muri mini drill.Ishusho yakoreshejwe ubupfuraDilshan R. Jayakody

DC Kugenzura Umuvuduko wa moteri

Hariho uburyo butatu bwingenzi bwo kugera ku kugenzura umuvuduko muri moteri ya DC - kugenzura flux, kugenzura voltage, no kugenzura armature.

1. Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu

Muburyo bwo kugenzura flux, rheostat (ubwoko bwimiterere ihindagurika) ihujwe murukurikirane hamwe numurima uzunguruka.Intego yiki gice nukwongera urukurikirane rwurunani ruzunguruka bizagabanya umuvuduko, bityo umuvuduko wa moteri wiyongere.

2. Uburyo bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi

Uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bukoreshwa mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri shunt dc moteri.Hariho, na none, inzira ebyiri zo kugera kugenzura voltage kugenzura:

• Guhuza shunt umurima na voltage ishimishije mugihe utanga armature hamwe na voltage zitandukanye (aka voltage nyinshi)
• Guhindura voltage yatanzwe kuri armature (bita uburyo bwa Ward Leonard)

3. Uburyo bwo Kurwanya Kurwanya Kurwanya

Igenzura rirwanya armature rishingiye ku ihame ryuko umuvuduko wa moteri uhwanye neza na EMF yinyuma.Noneho, niba itangwa rya voltage hamwe na armature birwanya kugumya kugiciro gihoraho, umuvuduko wa moteri uzaba uhuye neza na armature.