Brushless DC hamwe na moteri yintambwe irashobora kwitabwaho kuruta moteri ya DC isanzwe yogejwe, ariko iyanyuma irashobora kuba amahitamo meza mubisabwa bimwe.

Abashushanya benshi bashaka guhitamo moteri ntoya ya DC - igice- cyangwa igice-cyimbaraga-zingufu zimbaraga, mubisanzwe - mubisanzwe bareba muburyo bubiri gusa: moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi (BLDC) cyangwa moteri yintambwe.Ninde wo guhitamo ashingiye kubisabwa, nkuko BDLC isanzwe ari nziza mugukomeza kugenda mugihe moteri yintambwe ari nziza cyane kugirango ihagarare, inyuma-imbere, no guhagarika / gutangira kugenda.Buri bwoko bwa moteri burashobora gutanga imikorere ikenewe hamwe nubugenzuzi bukwiye, bushobora kuba IC cyangwa module bitewe nubunini bwa moteri nibidasanzwe.Moteri zirashobora gutwarwa na "smarts" zinjijwe muri IC zabugenewe zo kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura hamwe nibikoresho byashyizwemo.

Ariko reba hafi gato kubitangwa nabacuruzi biyi moteri ya BLDC, uzabona ko hafi buri gihe batanga moteri ya DC (BDC) yasunitswe, yabayeho "ibihe byose."Iyi gahunda ya moteri ifite umwanya muremure kandi ushyizweho mumateka yimbaraga zitwara amashanyarazi, kuko yari igishushanyo cya mbere cyamashanyarazi yubwoko bwose.Amamiriyoni mirongo ya moteri yasunitswe ikoreshwa buri mwaka mubikorwa bikomeye, bidafite akamaro nkimodoka.

Ubwoko bwa mbere bwa moteri ya moteri yasunitswe bwakozwe mu ntangiriro ya 1800 ariko gukoresha moteri ntoya yingirakamaro byari bigoye.Amashanyarazi yari akeneye kubaha ingufu yari ataratera imbere, kandi bateri zaboneka zari zifite ubushobozi buke, ingano nini, kandi zagombaga "kuzuzwa" muburyo runaka.Amaherezo, ibyo bibazo byaratsinzwe.Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1800, moteri ya DC yogejwe igera kuri mirongo n'amajana n'amafarashi yashyizweho kandi ikoreshwa muri rusange;byinshi biracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe.

Moteri y'ibanze ya DC yasunitswe ntisaba "electronics" gukora, kuko nigikoresho cyo kugenda.Ihame ryimikorere riroroshye, nimwe mumico myiza yaryo.Moteri ya DC yasunitswe ikoresha guhinduranya imashini kugirango ihindure polarite yumurima wa rukuruzi ya rotor (nanone bita armature) na stator.Ibinyuranyo, umurima wa magnetiki ya stator watejwe imbere na elegitoroniki ya electronique (mumateka) cyangwa kijyambere, imbaraga zikomeye zihoraho (kubikorwa byinshi byubu) (Ishusho 1).

Imikoranire no gusubiramo ihindagurika ryumurima wa magneti hagati ya rotor coil kuri armature hamwe numurima uhamye wa stator itera guhindagurika.Igikorwa cyo kugarura ibintu gihindura rotor ikorwa binyuze mumibonano ifatika (bita brushes), ikora kandi ikazana imbaraga kuri armature coil.Kuzenguruka kwa moteri ntabwo bitanga icyerekezo cyifuzwa gusa ahubwo no guhinduranya rotor coil polarite ikenewe kugirango itere gukurura / kwanga kubijyanye n'umurima uhamye - na none, nta electronique ikenewe, kuko itangwa rya DC rikoreshwa muburyo butaziguye kuri stator coil ihindagurika (niba ihari) hamwe na brush.

Igenzura ryibanze ryakozwe muguhindura voltage ikoreshwa, ariko ibi byerekana imwe mubitagenda neza kuri moteri yajanjaguwe: voltage yo hasi igabanya umuvuduko (wari ugamije) kandi igabanya cyane umuriro, ubusanzwe ni ingaruka zitifuzwa.Gukoresha moteri yasunitswe ikoreshwa biturutse kumurongo wa DC mubisanzwe biremewe gusa mubikorwa bigarukira cyangwa bidakomeye nko gukora ibikinisho bito hamwe na animasiyo yerekana, cyane cyane niba bikenewe kugenzura umuvuduko.

Ibinyuranye na byo, moteri idafite amashanyarazi ifite umurongo wa elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki (inkingi) ushyizwe ahantu h'imbere mu nzu, kandi imbaraga zikomeye zihoraho zifatanije n'ikizunguruka (rotor) (Ishusho 2).Nkuko inkingi zongerwamo ingufu muburyo bukurikiranye na elegitoroniki yo kugenzura (kugendana na elegitoroniki - EC), umurima wa rukuruzi ukikije rotor urazunguruka bityo ukurura / wirukana rotor hamwe na magnesi zayo zihamye, uhatirwa gukurikira umurima.

Kugeza ubu gutwara moteri ya BLDC irashobora kuba umuraba wa kare, ariko ibyo ntibikora neza kandi bitera guhinda umushyitsi, kuburyo ibishushanyo byinshi bifashisha umurongo uzunguruka ufite ishusho ijyanye no guhuza imbaraga zamashanyarazi no kugendagenda neza.Ikirenzeho, umugenzuzi arashobora guhuza neza imbaraga zingirakamaro kugirango yihuta ariko yoroshye itangire kandi ihagarare nta shiti rirenze kandi ryihuse kubitwara imashini.Imyirondoro itandukanye yo kugenzura hamwe n'inzira zirahari bihuza umwanya wa moteri n'umuvuduko kubyo porogaramu ikeneye.

Byahinduwe na Lisa