Imoteri

Moteri ikoreshwa cyane kwisi ya none, ndetse dushobora no kuvuga ko aho hari kugenda, hashobora kuba moteri.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki, ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa hamwe n’igenzura, isoko ry’imodoka ku isi ryateye imbere cyane.Hamwe no kugaragara kwibikoresho bishya nkibintu bidasanzwe byisi bya magneti nibikoresho bihoraho hamwe nibikoresho bya magnetique, ibintu bitandukanye bishya, bikora neza kandi na moteri zidasanzwe bigaragara kimwekindi.Nyuma yikinyejana cya 21, micromotors zirenga 6.000 zagaragaye ku isoko rya moteri.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, kubera ubwiyongere bwihuse bw’umuryango mpuzamahanga wibanda ku kubungabunga ingufu, kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye, umusaruro wa moteri ikora neza wabaye icyerekezo cy’iterambere rya moteri y’inganda ku isi.Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku isi, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, Ubufaransa, Ubudage n’ibindi bihugu n’uturere byatangije politiki yo kuzigama ingufu zinoze kugira ngo turusheho guteza imbere iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda z’imodoka ku isi.

Amerika, Ubushinwa, n'Uburayi bifite isoko rinini mu nganda z’imodoka

Urebye igabana ry'imirimo ku isoko ry’imodoka ku isi, Ubushinwa n’ahantu hakorerwa moteri, kandi ibihugu byateye imbere mu Burayi no muri Amerika ni ubushakashatsi bwa tekiniki n’iterambere ry’imoteri.Dufashe urugero rwa moteri ntoya, Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gikora moteri nto.Ubuyapani, Ubudage, na Amerika nizo mbaraga zambere mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere moteri ya moteri, kandi zigenzura ibyinshi mu buhanga bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru, busobanutse, ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rishya rya moteri.

Urebye imigabane ku isoko, ukurikije igipimo cy’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga mu Bushinwa n’ubunini bw’inganda zikoresha ibinyabiziga ku isi, ingano y’inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa igera kuri 30%, naho Amerika n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bingana na 27% na 20 %.

Icyizere cyisoko ryibikoresho bitanga moteri ni byinshi

Moteri yinganda nigice cyingenzi cyibikorwa bya moteri, kandi imirongo ikora yimashini ikora ntishobora kubakwa idafite sisitemu ikora neza.Biravugwa ko kuri ubu, inganda z’imodoka zitaragera ku buryo bwuzuye bwo gutunganya no gukora ku isi.Muburyo bwo guhinduranya, guteranya nibindi bikorwa, biracyakenewe guhuza imirimo yintoki nimashini, ninganda zikora imirimo myinshi.Ariko, uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana ku nyungu z’umurimo, umusaruro w’imodoka, inganda zita cyane ku murimo, ugenda uhura n’ibibazo bikunze kugaragara mu bigo biriho ubu, nk’ingorabahizi mu gushaka no kugumana abakozi.Mu gihugu hose hari ibihumbi by'abakora ibinyabiziga, kandi bafite icyifuzo cyo gutangiza ibikorwa byabo, ibyo bikaba bizana isoko ryiza mugutezimbere imirongo ikora yimodoka ikora moteri yinganda.

Byongeye kandi, imbere y’igitutu gikabije cyo kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, guteza imbere cyane ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byahindutse intego nshya y’irushanwa mu nganda z’imodoka ku isi.Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zitwara amashanyarazi, ibyifuzo bya moteri yo gutwara nabyo biriyongera.Kugeza ubu, ibigo byinshi by’imodoka bifata uburyo bwo gukora moteri gakondo, kandi ingorane zo gukora za moteri zitwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, cyane cyane moteri zihoraho zikoreshwa cyane mugihugu cyanjye, ziyongereye cyane (imbaraga za rukuruzi za magneti zihoraho ni nini cyane, ituma guterana bigorana kandi byoroshye biganisha kumutekano wibikoresho nibikoresho. Impanuka), ibisabwa kubwiza bwibicuruzwa nabyo biri hejuru cyane.Kubwibyo, niba umusaruro wikora wa moteri yimodoka itwara amashanyarazi ushobora kugerwaho murwego runini, igihugu cyanjye kizashyiraho ejo hazaza heza mubijyanye na tekinoroji yumubiri wa moteri nibikoresho byikora byikora.

Muri icyo gihe, nubwo tekinoroji ya moteri isanzwe ya moteri ntoya ikuze cyane, haracyari inzitizi nyinshi za tekinike mumashanyarazi ya moteri ifite ingufu nyinshi cyane, moteri kubidukikije bidasanzwe, hamwe na moteri ikora cyane.Urebye icyerekezo cyiterambere ryisoko ryamashanyarazi kwisi yose, ibyingenzi byingenzi nibi bikurikira:

Inganda ziratera imbere zigana ubwenge no kwishyira hamwe: gukora gakondo gukanda byatahuye guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya tekinoroji hamwe nubuhanga bwo kugenzura ubwenge.Mu bihe biri imbere, ni icyerekezo kizaza cy’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga kugirango dukomeze dutezimbere kandi tunonosore tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubwenge kuri sisitemu ntoya n’ibiciriritse bikoreshwa mu nganda, no kumenya igishushanyo mbonera no gukora sisitemu yo kugenzura ibinyabiziga, kumva, gutwara n'indi mirimo.

Ibicuruzwa bitera imbere biganisha ku gutandukanya no kwihariye: ibikomoka kuri moteri y’amashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye nkingufu, ubwikorezi, peteroli, inganda zikora imiti, metallurgie, ubucukuzi bwamabuye y'agaciro, nubwubatsi.Kubera ko ubukungu bw’isi bugenda bwiyongera no gukomeza kuzamura urwego rwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, ibintu ubwoko bumwe bwa moteri bwakoreshejwe muri kamere zitandukanye ndetse n’ibihe bitandukanye mu bihe byashize biracika, kandi n’ibinyabiziga bifite moteri biratera imbere muri icyerekezo cyumwuga, gutandukanya no kwihariye.

Ibicuruzwa biri gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cyo gukora neza no kuzigama ingufu: Politiki ijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije ku isi muri uyu mwaka yerekanye icyerekezo gisobanutse cya politiki yo kuzamura imikorere ya moteri n’imashini rusange.Kubera iyo mpamvu, uruganda rukora ibinyabiziga rukeneye byihutirwa guhindura imbaraga zo kuzigama ingufu z’ibikoresho bihari, guteza imbere umusaruro ushimishije w’icyatsi, no guteza imbere igisekuru gishya cya moteri izigama ingufu, sisitemu ya moteri n’ibicuruzwa bigenzura, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo gupima.Kunoza tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya moteri na sisitemu, kandi wibande ku kuzamura ubushobozi bwibanze bwo guhangana na moteri nibicuruzwa bya sisitemu.

Jessica