Ugereranije na moteri gakondo ishimisha amashanyarazi, moteri ya magneti ihoraho, cyane cyane isi idasanzwe ya moteri ihoraho, ifite imiterere yoroshye kandi ikora neza.Ingano ntoya n'uburemere bworoshye;Igihombo gito no gukora neza;Imiterere nubunini bwa moteri birashobora guhinduka kandi bitandukanye.Kubwibyo, urwego rusaba ni rugari cyane, hafi yikibuga cyindege, ingabo zigihugu, inganda n’ubuhinzi nubuzima bwa buri munsi.Ibyingenzi byingenzi nibisabwa bya moteri isanzwe ihoraho ya moteri yatangijwe hepfo.
1. Ugereranije na generator gakondo, isi idasanzwe ihoraho ya magnetiki ikomatanya ntishobora gukenera impeta n'ibikoresho byohanagura, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye kandi bigabanya igipimo cyo gutsindwa.Isi idasanzwe ya magneti ihoraho irashobora kandi kongera icyuho cyumuyaga wa magnetiki, kongera umuvuduko wa moteri ku gaciro keza no kunoza ingufu-nini.Ntibisanzwe isi ihora itanga amashanyarazi hafi ya yose ikoreshwa mubyuma byindege bigezweho hamwe nindege.Ibicuruzwa byayo bisanzwe ni 150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r / min ~ 21 000 r / min na 100 kVA 60 000 r / min bidasanzwe isi ya cobalt ihoraho ya magnet synchronous generator yakozwe na sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi muri Amerika.Moteri ya mbere idasanzwe ya moteri ihoraho yatejwe imbere mubushinwa ni 3 kW 20 000 r / min itanga amashanyarazi ahoraho.
Imashini zihoraho za magneti nazo zikoreshwa nkibyishimo bifasha moteri nini ya turbo.Mu myaka ya za 1980, Ubushinwa bwateje imbere isi nini cyane ku isi idasanzwe ya magneti ifasha imashini ifite ubushobozi bwa 40 kVA ～ 160 kVA, kandi ifite moteri ya MW 200 ~ 600 MW ya turbo-generator, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere cyane imikorere y’amashanyarazi.
Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi mato mato atwarwa na moteri yaka imbere, imashini itanga amashanyarazi ahoraho ku binyabiziga, hamwe n’amashanyarazi mato mato ahoraho atwarwa n’ibiziga by’umuyaga bigenda byamamara buhoro buhoro.
2. Moteri ikora neza ya magnetiki ihoraho Ugereranije na moteri ya induction, moteri ihoraho ya magnetique ntikeneye imbaraga zo kwishima zidasanzwe, zishobora kuzamura cyane imbaraga zingufu (kugeza kuri 1 cyangwa ndetse na capacitif), kugabanya igihombo cya stator hamwe na stator, kandi nta gutakaza umuringa wa rotor mugihe gikora neza, bityo kugabanya umuyaga (moteri ntoya irashobora no gukuraho umuyaga) hamwe no gutakaza umuyaga uhuye.Ugereranije na moteri ya induction yibisobanuro bimwe, imikorere irashobora kwiyongera ku manota 2 ~ 8 ku ijana.Byongeye kandi, moteri ihoraho ya moteri irashobora gukomeza gukora neza hamwe ningufu zingufu zingana zingana na 25% ~ 120%, ibyo bigatuma imbaraga zo kuzigama ingufu zigaragara cyane mugihe ziruka munsi yumutwaro woroheje.Mubisanzwe, ubu bwoko bwa moteri bufite ibikoresho byo gutangira kuzunguruka kuri rotor, ifite ubushobozi bwo gutangira neza kuri frequence runaka na voltage.Kugeza ubu, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bwa peteroli, inganda n’imyenda ya fibre, inganda zubutaka n’ibirahure, abafana na pompe hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora buri mwaka, nibindi.
Moteri ya NdFeB ihoraho ya moteri ikora neza kandi ifite moteri nini yo gutangira yigenga yatejwe imbere nigihugu cyacu irashobora gukemura ikibazo cy "igare rinini rikururwa n'amafarashi" mugukoresha peteroli.Itara ritangirira ni rinini 50% ~ 100% kurenza iry'imodoka ya induction, rishobora gusimbuza moteri ya induction n'umubare munini fatizo, kandi igipimo cyo kuzigama amashanyarazi ni 20%.
Mu nganda z’imyenda, umwanya wo kwikorera inertia nini, bisaba gukurura cyane.Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ko nta coeffisente yamenetse, igipimo cya pole igaragara, irwanya rotor, ingano ya magneti ihoraho hamwe na stator ihinduranya ya moteri ihoraho ya moteri ihoraho irashobora kunoza imikorere yo gukurura moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho kandi igateza imbere ikoreshwa mubikorwa bishya byimyenda n’imiti.
Abafana na pompe zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi manini manini, ibirombe, peteroli, imiti nizindi nganda ni abakoresha ingufu nini, ariko imikorere ningufu za moteri zikoreshwa muri iki gihe ni nke.Gukoresha magnet ya NdFeB ihoraho ntabwo byongera imikorere ningufu gusa, bizigama ingufu, ariko kandi bifite imiterere idafite umwanda, itezimbere kwizerwa ryimikorere.Kugeza ubu, moteri ya 1 120kW ihoraho ya moteri ni moteri ikomeye ku isi itangiza imbaraga-zidasanzwe zidasanzwe isi ihoraho ya moteri.Imikorere yayo iri hejuru ya 96.5% (icyerekezo kimwe cyerekana moteri ni 95%), naho imbaraga zayo ni 0,94, zishobora gusimbuza moteri isanzwe hamwe n amanota 1 ~ 2 yingufu zirenze.
3. AC servo ihoraho ya moteri ya moteri na moteri itagira amashanyarazi ya DC ihoraho ubu ikoresha cyane kandi ikoresha moteri ihindagurika yumuriro hamwe na moteri ya AC kugirango ikore sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa AC aho kuba sisitemu yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa DC.Muri moteri ya AC, umuvuduko wa moteri ihoraho ya magnetiki ikomeza ituma umubano uhoraho hamwe ninshuro zogutanga amashanyarazi mugihe gikora neza, kuburyo ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo butaziguye muri sisitemu yo kugenzura ibintu byihuta.Ubwoko bwa moteri mubusanzwe butangizwa no kwiyongera gahoro gahoro yumurongo uhindura.Ntabwo ari ngombwa gushyiraho intangiriro yo guhinduranya kuri rotor, kandi brush na commutator birekuwe, kubungabunga rero biroroshye.
Moteri yo kwiyobora ihoraho igizwe na moteri ihoraho ya moteri ikoreshwa na moteri ihoraho ikoreshwa na moteri ihinduranya hamwe na sisitemu yo gufunga-kugenzura uburyo bwa rotor, ikaba idafite imikorere myiza yo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri ya DC ishimishije amashanyarazi, ariko ikanamenya ko idafite brush.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mubihe bifite ubugenzuzi buhanitse kandi bwizewe, nk'indege, ikirere, ibikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, imashini zitunganya imashini, robot, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, ibyuma bya mudasobwa, n'ibindi.
Kugeza ubu, sisitemu ya NdFeB ihoraho ya moteri hamwe na sisitemu yo gutwara ibinyabiziga bifite umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko w’umuvuduko wa Gao Heng, hamwe n’umuvuduko wa 1: 22 500 n’umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 9 000 r / min.Ibiranga imikorere myiza, kunyeganyega gato, urusaku ruke hamwe nubucucike bukabije bwa moteri ihoraho ya moteri ni moteri nziza cyane mumashanyarazi, ibikoresho byimashini nibindi bikoresho byo gutwara.
Hamwe nogukomeza kuzamura imibereho yabantu, ibisabwa mubikoresho byo murugo bigenda byiyongera.Kurugero, icyuma gikonjesha murugo ntabwo gikoresha ingufu nini gusa, ahubwo nisoko nyamukuru y urusaku.Iterambere ryayo nugukoresha moteri ihoraho ya brushless DC ifite moteri idafite umuvuduko.Irashobora guhita ihindura umuvuduko ukwiye ukurikije ihinduka ryubushyuhe bwicyumba kandi igakora umwanya muremure, igabanya urusaku ninyeganyeza, bigatuma abantu bumva bamerewe neza, kandi ikabika 1/3 cyamashanyarazi ugereranije nubushyuhe butabujije umuvuduko.Izindi firigo, imashini imesa, abakusanya ivumbi, abafana, nibindi bigenda bihinduka buhoro buhoro kuri moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi.
4. Imashini ihoraho ya moteri ya DC moteri ikoresha imbaraga za magneti zihoraho, ntizigumana gusa imiterere myiza yo kugenzura umuvuduko nibiranga imashini ya moteri ya DC ishimishije amashanyarazi, ariko kandi ifite ibiranga imiterere nubuhanga bworoshye, ubwinshi, gukoresha umuringa muke, hejuru gukora neza, nibindi kuko gusiba guhindagurika no gutakaza ibyishimo birekuwe.Kubwibyo, moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi kugeza umuvuduko wuzuye hamwe na sisitemu yo kohereza imyanya isaba imikorere myiza.Muri moteri ya micro DC iri munsi ya 50W, moteri ya magneti ihoraho igera kuri 92%, mugihe abatarengeje imyaka 10 W barenga 99%.
Kugeza ubu, inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa ziratera imbere byihuse, kandi inganda z’imodoka nizo zikoresha abantu benshi ba moteri zihoraho, ibyo bikaba aribyo byingenzi bigize imodoka.Mu modoka ya ultra-luxe, hariho moteri zirenga 70 zifite intego zitandukanye, inyinshi muri zo ni moteri ntoya ya magnetiki DC ihoraho.Iyo NdFeB magnesi zihoraho hamwe nibikoresho byumubumbe bikoreshwa muri moteri itangira kumodoka na moto, ubwiza bwa moteri itangira irashobora kugabanukaho kimwe cya kabiri.
Itondekanya rya Moteri zihoraho
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa magnesi zihoraho.Ukurikije imikorere ya moteri, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: imashini itanga amashanyarazi ahoraho na moteri ihoraho.
Moteri zihoraho zishobora kugabanywamo moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC na moteri ihoraho ya AC.Moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya moteri yerekeza kuri moteri ya fonctionnement ya fonctionnement hamwe na rotor ya magnet ihoraho, bityo rero ikunze kwitwa moteri ihoraho ya moteri (PMSM).
Moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC itagira moteri na moteri ihoraho ya moteri ya DC (BLDCM) niba yashyizwe mubyiciro ukurikije niba hari amashanyarazi cyangwa ingendo.
Muri iki gihe, inyigisho n'ikoranabuhanga bya elegitoroniki bigezweho biratera imbere cyane ku isi.Hamwe nogukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byingufu, nka MOSFET, IGBT na MCT, ibikoresho byo kugenzura byahinduye ibintu byingenzi.Kuva F. Blaceke yashyira ahagaragara ihame ryo kugenzura ibinyabiziga bya moteri ya AC mu 1971, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe kugenzura ibinyabiziga ryatangije ibihe bishya byo kugenzura imiyoboro ya AC servo, kandi microprocessor zitandukanye zikora cyane zagiye zisunikwa hanze, bikomeza kwihuta mu iterambere ya sisitemu ya AC servo aho kuba sisitemu ya DC servo.Nibintu byanze bikunze sisitemu ya AC-I servo isimbuza sisitemu ya DC servo.Nyamara, moteri ihoraho ya moteri (PMSM) hamwe na sinusoidal yinyuma ya emf na moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi (BLIX ~) hamwe na trapezoidal inyuma ya emf byanze bikunze bizaba inzira nyamukuru yo guteza imbere sisitemu ya AC servo ikora cyane kubera imikorere yabo myiza.